Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah is an accumulation of religious thought in various fields who produced the scholars to address issues that arise at a particular time. Therefore, the process of formation Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah as an ideology or schools require a long period of time. As is known, jurisprudence or tasawwuf is formed not in the past, but emerged gradually and in a different time.
Schools is a method to understand the teachings of religion. In Islam there are several kinds of schools, including political sects, such as the Kharijites, Shi'ites, and Ahlus Sunnah; madhhab kalam, the most important example is Mu'tazila, Asy'ariyah and Maturidiyyah; and schools of jurisprudence, for example, the main thing is Malikiyah, Syafi'yah, Hanafiyah, and Hanbaleeyyah, bias is also coupled with the Shiites, Zhahiriyah and Ibadiyah (Al-Mausu'ah Al-Arabiyah Al-Muyassarah, 1965: 97).
Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah term consists of three words, "Ahlun", "Sunnah", and "Al-Jama'ah." All three belong together, not separate us something.
- WORD MEANING AHLUN
In the book of Al-Munjid fil-lughah wal knows best, the word "Ahi" contains two meanings, that is, besides the meaning of family and relatives, "Ahl" can also mean followers of flow or follower schools. If it is associated with a school or schools as contained in the Al-Qamus Al-Muhith.
As the Qur'an itself, there are at least three meanings of "Ahl"; First; "Ahi" means family, as represented the word of God QS. Hud: 45,
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"My Lord, Behold my son Including my family."
Also in QS. Thahaa: 132,
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"And the orders to family prayers and be patient in doing it. "
Second; "ahi", means the population, as in the word of God QS. Al-Araf: 96,
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"If Had the people of the country believe and fear Allah, surely We will be bestowed upon them blessings from the heavens and the earth, but they belied (the verses of Us) it, so We seized them for their deeds."
Third; "Ahi" means a person who has something disciplines; (Expert History, Chemists). As Allah says QS. An-Nahl: 43,
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"Then ask the person who has knowledge [1] if you do not know."
- MEANING OF WORDS AS-SUNNAH
According to Abul-Baqa 'in the book Kulliyat, linguistically, "Sunnah" means the road, even if it is not the preferred way. Other meanings, Ath-Thariqah, Al-Hadith, As-Sirah, At-Tabi'ah and ash-Shariah. Namely, the street or the system or the preferred method or tradition and lived in religion, as practiced Prophet, good words , deed, or desire recognition and his ideals.
So in this case Sunnah is divided into 3 or 4 kinds. First; As-Sunnah Al-qauliyah, the Sunnah of the Prophet in the form of words or words that come out of the oral Prophet. Both Sunnah Al-Fi'liyyah, the Sunnah of the Prophet in the form of the act or the work of the Prophet. Third; Sunnah At-Taqriryah, ie, all the words and deeds of the Companions who heard and known to the Prophet, then his silence as a sign agreed. Furthermore, As-Sunnah also includes acts, edicts and traditions of the companions of the Prophet (Atsarus Shahabah). And that his fourth; As-Sunnah Al-Hammiyah, the Prophet desire to do a practice but not to carry it out he had died, as sunnah fasting 10 Muharram.
- WORD MEANING jama'ah
According to the dictionary Al-Munjid, said "Al-Jama'ah" means that everything is composed of three or more. In Al-Mu'jam Al-Wasit, "Al-Jama'ah" is a group of people who have a goal. The notion of "Al-Jama'ah" by shari'a is the majority group in the class of Islam.
From the definition etimoligis above, then the meaning Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah in the history of Islam is the largest group of Muslims who follow the Islamic understanding of the system, both in Tawheed and fiqh with emphasis on the Qur'an and the Hadith rather than the arguments of reason. It was as stated in the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah and the Sunnah (atsar) Khulafa'urrasyidin ra. The term Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah in many ways similar to the term Ahlussunnah wal wal Jama'ah Atsar, Ahlul Hadeeth Wassunnah, Wal-Ashhab Ahl al-Hadith, Ahl Wal Istiqamah, and Ahlul-Haqq Wassunnah.
To strengthen the things above there are some traditions that can be expressed, for example, in the book Faidhul Qadir chapters II, the last book of Sunan Abu Daud chapters IV, the book Sunan Tirmidhi chapters V, the book Sunan Ibn Majah chapters II and in the book of Al-Milal wa Nihal juz I, sequentially in the text of these books, as follows:
From Anas said, Rasululah of Allah said, "Verily, my people will never agree in error, then when you see the difference in opinion then you follow the highest class."
"Whoever lives among you after wafatku then he will see disputes that much, then you should hold on to the Sunnah and the Sunnah Khulafaurrasyidin who got guidance, hold fast to my Sunnah and the Sunnah Khulafaurrasyidin strong and gigitlah with molars."
"Indeed the Children of Israel split into 72 groups and my Ummah will split into 73 groups, all of them go to hell, except for one group, they (the Companions) asked: Who is the class of the Messenger of Allah? He replied; "They were with me and my friends."
From friends A'uf ra said: The Messenger of Allah said, "For the sake of my soul in the hands of his, actually my Ummah will split into 73 groups, one in heaven and 72 classes to go to hell," asked, who would go to heaven O Messenger of Allah? He said, "the majority group (the congregation)."
And is the majority group is that they are in accordance with the Sunnah of the Companions
Messenger of Allah conveyed, "Will broke my Ummah will be 73 groups, survivors of the group, and the rest were destroyed." Asked who survived the Messenger of Allah? He replied, "Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah." Asked again who Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah? He replied, "group who follow my Sunnah and the Sunnah Khulafaurrasyidin."
HISTORY OF THE NU
Both mental retardation, as well as the nation's economy experienced Indonesia
The boarding school which has been a persistent fight against colonialism, responding to the National Awakening movement by forming organizations such as Nahdlatul Wathan (Awakening Homeland), 1916. Then in 1918 established Taswirul Afkar or also known as Nahdlatul Fikri (Awakening Thought), as a vehicle for social education the political and religious students. From there then didiririkan Nahdlatut Tujjar (The movement of merchant). United were used as the basis to improve the people's economy. With the Nahdlatut Tujjar it, then Taswirul Afkar addition to performing as a study group is also the institution that is growing very rapidly and has branches in severalcity
When King Ibn Saud wanted to implement a single principle the Wahabi sect in Makkah, and was about to destroy all relics of the history of Islam and pre-Islamic, that is much diziarahi because it was considered heresy. The idea of the Wahhabi received a warm welcome from the modernists inIndonesia
His attitude is different, the schools were excluded from members of Congress Yokyakarta Al-Islam in 1925, the boarding school consequently also not involved as a delegate in Congress Alam Islami (Islamic Congress International) in Makkah which will validate the decision.
Driven by a persistent interest to create freedom bermadzhab and concerned with the preservation of the heritage of civilization, then the boarding school was forced to make its own delegation named by the Committee Hejaz, chaired by KH. Wahab Hasbullah.
At the urging of the pesanten who gathered in circles hejaz, and challenges from all over the Muslim world, King Ibn Saud mungurungkan intentions. The result to date in Makkah executed worship freely in accordance with their respective schools. That is the first international role, the successful fight for freedom bermadzhab and managed to save relics of history and civilization that is very valuable.
Departing from the committees and the various organizations that are embryonic and ad hoc, then after that it is necessary to establish an organization that is more encompassing and more systematic, to anticipate the times. Then after coordinating with kiyais, finally appeared an agreement to form an organization called Nahdlatul Ulama (Ulama Awakening) on 16 Rajab 1344 AH (January 13, 1926). The organization is led by KH. Hasyim Ashari as Rais Akbar.
To affirm the basic principles of this organization, then KH. Hasyim Ashari formulate Book Rights Qanun (Principles), then also formulate Book I'tiqad Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah. The books are then embodied in Khiththah NU, which is used as the basis and reference of NU members in thought and action in the social field, political and religious. [2]
RELIGIOUS PAHAM Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) adopts Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah, a mindset that takes a middle way between the extremes aqli (rationalist) with the extreme naqli (scripturalist). Because it is a source of ideas for NU not only the Qur'an and Sunnah, but also uses augmented reality capabilities empirical sense. Such a way of thinking referred from earlier thinkers, such as Abu Hasan Al-'Asy'ari and Abu Mansur Al-Maturidi in theology. Then in the field of jurisprudence follows the four schools; Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali. While in the field of tasawwuf, developed a method of Al-Ghazali and Junaid al-Baghdadi, which integrates between tasawwuf with Shari'ah.
The idea of returning to khiththah in 1926, is an important moment to reinterpret the teachings of Ahl wal Jama'ah, and redefined methods of thought, both in the field of jurisprudence and social. NU as well as redefined the relationship with the state. The movement managed to raise the passion of thought and social dynamics within NU.
OBJECTIVES ORGANIZATION Nahdlatul Ulam (NU)
Uphold the teachings of Islam according to understand Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah in the midst of people's lives, in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI).
Organization of business:
1. In the field of religion, carry out propaganda Islamiyah and increase the sense of fraternity that is grounded in the spirit of unity in diversity.
2. In education, education that is in accordance with the values of Islam, to form a Muslim devout, virtuous and knowledgeable.
3. In the field of socio-cultural, to promote the welfare of the people and culture that corresponds to the value to the Islamization and humanity.
4. in the fields of economy, seek equal opportunity to enjoy the fruits of development, with emphasis on the economic development of the people.
Affirming Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
AS INSTITUTIONS TO-ULAMAAN
The issue resurfaced clerical surface after Yemeni cleric Habib Umar bin Habib bin Sheikh Abu Bakr and Rais Syuriah NU KH. Ma'ruf Amin insists on the social responsibility of the scholars. Both scholars indicated the existence of irregularities role of scholars resulting in moral deviation, so forget about social responsibility should they entailed as a mentor and protector of the people, especially as exemplary in moral midwife. Disasters that arise, either natural or social nature, are finally recognized as a humanitarian disaster caused by human activity.
As is often said that today's humans including its scholars tend Hubbud Dunya (world love / material) so forget about moral responsibility and their social responsibility, so that people walk without guidance. If it deviates, the scholars could not warned, because some are also involved in irregularities, then the damage to be evenly distributed without any authority able to stop him.
Criticism of clerics that inevitably will lead to Nahdlatul Ulama, as well as an as an organization of scholars, in which there are indeed many of the scholars. After all the criticism should be dismissed by the NU.
When NU reduced to a social organization, the mission of spiritual morality that became the charge of social movement is neglected, thus anyone can be recruited into this organization committee even without qualifications or clerical levels are adequate. Not all administrators need to scholars, but practitioners, activists must understand and appreciate the clerical duties which is a prophetic task (prophetic). That means that the organization does not only work, but struggling, serve and even worship.
The difficulty of regeneration in the NU lead to the recruitment of cadres to walk carelessly, many people do not know and understand about the NU and the mission of the struggle carried, but used as a caretaker. Such groups when entering NU often neglect their duties as functionaries NU, thus losing a sense of dedication, passion militancy and organization, and eventually many obstacles in the face of transnational militant Islamic movement and radical with persistent exert influence on society. NU top priority today is to strengthen the sense of devotion, commitment to NU's mainly clerical commitment.
SINCERITY Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
IN Muslim brotherhood
Ukhuwah Islamiyah is a must for Muslims who want unity and brotherhood. It is often manipulated. KH. Wahab Hasbullah been warned of the brotherhood coachman horse. One group into a coachman, while the other Islamic groups used as horse riding. Ukhuwah Islamiyah is often done when in desperate condition, and afterwards they apply the principle Musahaqah (competition) which without ethics know each other even deny.
Events that are often experienced by NU is how tenacious defense of minorities oppressed Islamic groups such as Shiite, but after biting into faith and even helped NU assets, so that in some places had been tension. Likewise, Wahhabi groups that are currently involved in a fierce hostility to Shiite groups, suddenly move closer to NU as a Sunni Islamic group, but so far NU considered heretical stream, so its presence is always teased and diharu-blue.
NU however not happy with the Islamic belief that always bothered people by distributing brochures, propaganda and guerrilla door kepintu. But for the sake of the unity of Islam, NU still seeks peace with the group. This was done because there is a big agenda is more important that must be achieved which brings together the world Islamic movement.
Ukhuwah should be based on sincerity, because there are similarities values, ideals of equality, and brotherhood that will run on a lasting basis of mutual trust, mutual respect and love. While ukhuwah manipulative based solely on temporary interest, where interest when the interest has been achieved, then ukhuwah dumped. Love turned into insults, threats togetherness, sincerity into hatred and so on. That's where the conflict between flow and return repeatedly schools either in the form of Latin as the tension up in the form of an open conflict.
BASE SUPPORT Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
The number of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) or support base is expected to reach more than 40 million people, of various professions. Most of them commoners, both in cities and in villages. They have a high cohesiveness as socio-economically have the same problem, besides that they also have a very animates the spirit and teachings of Ahl wal Jama'ah. In general, they have strong enough ties with the Islamic world which is the center of people's education and cultural heritage NU.
NU's support base has shifted, in line with the construction and development of industrialization. NU in the village many who migrated to the city. So today in the labor sector and industry is quite dominant, coupled with the opening of the education system, the intellectual basis in NU also expanding, in line with the rapid social mobility that occurred during this
ATTITUDE EXPRESSLY Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
Since the first NU organization known as a moderate and tolerant. However, that does not mean do not have an attitude. In the face of a matter of principle, NU always act decisively even without compromise. See how attitudes aimed umun NU Chairman KH. Hasyim against double setandar Western countries regarding the matter of Iran muklir. NU considers that the ban is a violation of the rights of the Iranian nation to develop their own technology. If they want to be fair to all countries should develop nuclear technology in the form of nuclear weapons.
Such attitudes and measures taken NU is not passivity, but active steps are laborious and risky despised by many parties. However, in order to maintain the balance of the life of national and international political situation, NU must act decisively both to groups of Islamic or western manjalankan extremism and violence and injustice. Nu not hate or hated a fellow Islamic western different understanding and thinking, but NU strive for justice and peace.
Therefore, NU strongly denounced those who use religion to inflame the conflict, though it is clear that the purpose of the conflict often only to dredge economic interests by a multi-national corporation that is operating. Unfortunately religion should be used as media pengobar well as victims of conflict.
Therefore NU reminiscent of the religion and Muslims around the world in order to always maintain harmony not to be provoked by efforts to provoke inter-religious and inter-sects in Islam, which would only weaken the strength and unity of Muslims.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
1. Executive Board (Level Center)
2. Regional Board (Provincial)
3. Executive Branch (Regency / City)
4. Assembly Deputy Branch (District Level)
5. Ranting Board (Level Village / Village)
For the Central Region, Branch, and Branch Representative Assembly, each management consists of:
a. Mustasyar (Advisory)
b. Syuriah (Supreme Leader)
c. Tanfidziyah (Implementing Daily)
For Twig level, each management consists of:
1. Syuriah (Supreme Leader)
2. Tanfidziyah (Implementing Daily)
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